In the wake of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Finland and Sweden moved to join the NATO alliance (USIP, CNN). Accession talks were completed in July 2022, and both countries were set to join NATO after the parliaments of all NATO states ratified their accession (NATO, Reuters). Turkey and Hungary, the only two states not to ratify in 2022, ratified Finland’s membership in March, allowing Finland to become a full member but Sweden still waiting for a decision (NATO, Politico, BBC). Sweden has ratified protocols domestically, so once all NATO member countries agree to the accession protocols, Sweden can formally become a NATO member by acceding to the North Atlantic Treaty and depositing their instruments of accession with the U.S. State Department (AP News, NATO).